Research questions
- How do watershed and biodiversity services at the landscape scale depend on the attributes of agroforestry systems across climatic, bio-geographical, ecological and socioeconomic contexts?
- How realistic are expectations that regulations and incentives intended to enhance tree-based watershed and biodiversity services can do so from the perspective of external stakeholders?
- What are the trade-offs among efficiency, fairness and poverty reduction associated with alternative prototype mechanisms for rewarding environmental services involving small farmers?
- How can cross-sectoral policies and community-based forest policy limit or enhance the potential for environmental service rewards?
- What tools, methods and approaches will enhance the sustainability of financial flows and institutional change in reward mechanisms for environmental services?
- What are the drivers of forest transitions and agroforestry transformations, and where can incentives based on environmental services play a role in these various contexts?
